Fire Elevator VS Ordinary Elevator

1. Ordinary elevator

It does not have fire-fighting functions, and people are prohibited from taking the elevator to escape in case of fire. Because when it is affected by high temperature, or power outage or burning, it will bring disaster to the people who take the elevator, and even take their lives.

2. Fire lift

It is set in the fire-resistant closed structure of the building, has a front room and a backup power supply, is used by ordinary passengers under normal conditions, and can be used exclusively by firefighters with additional protection, control and signal functions when a fire breaks out in the building. elevator.

Note: Non-fire elevators cannot immediately cut off the power supply as soon as a fire occurs, and elevators without dangerous parts should be kept in use first.

Fire lift installation

1. Setting range

1. Residential buildings with building height > 33m.

2. Class I high-rise public buildings and Class II high-rise public buildings with a building height > 32m. Elderly care facilities with 5 or more floors and a total construction area of more than 3,000 square meters (including five or more floors in other buildings).

3. Underground or semi-basement of buildings with fire elevators, other underground or semi-underground buildings (rooms) with buried depth > 10m and total construction area > 3000㎡.

4. For high-rise factory buildings (warehouses) with a building height > 32m and elevators, one fire elevator should be installed in each fire compartment; however, buildings that meet the following conditions may not be equipped with fire elevators.

a. High-rise towers with a building height > 32m and elevators, and the number of people on any working platform is ≤ 2.

b. Category D and E factory buildings with a local building height > 32m, and the building area of each floor of the local higher part is ≤ 50㎡.

2. Set the location

The fire elevators should be located in different fire compartments, so that fires can be quickly launched in any compartment. The plane location must be convenient to communicate with the outside world. There should be an exit directly to the outside on the first floor, or a safe within 30m in length. The passage leads to the outside.

When designing, it is best to arrange fire elevators and evacuation stairs in combination, so that the escapers move closer to the firefighters and rescuers to form a reliable safe area. Separate measures should be taken between the two elevators to avoid mutual hindrance and cause disadvantages.

The fire elevator should be provided with a front room or a front room shared with the smoke-proof stairwell. The fire elevators installed in warehouse corridors, cold storage halls or grain silos work towers do not need to have a front room.

Fire protection design requirements for fire elevator front room

1. Front chamber position

The location of the front room should be set against the outer wall, so that the windows on the outer wall can be used for natural smoke exhaust, which not only meets the needs of fire protection, but also saves investment. Its layout requirements are generally consistent with the location of the fire elevator, so that firefighters can quickly reach the entrance of the fire elevator and put into rescue work. It should lead directly to the outdoor on the first floor or lead to the outdoor through a passage with a length ≤ 30m.

2. Front chamber area

The usable area of the front room shall not be less than 6㎡. When the fire elevator and the smoke-proof stairs share the same front room, there will be more people crossing or staying in the front room, so the area should be increased, and the residential building should not be less than 6㎡, and the public building should not be less than 10㎡. When used together, the usable area should not be less than 12m2, and the length of the short side of the front room should not be less than 2.4m.

3. Smoke prevention and exhaust

The front room should be equipped with mechanical smoke exhaust or natural smoke exhaust facilities. In the event of a fire, a large amount of smoke can be discharged near the front room to ensure that firefighters can successfully fight the fire and rescue personnel.

4. Set up indoor fire hydrants

The front room of the fire lift shall be provided with a fire standpipe and a fire hydrant. The fire elevator is the main attack route for firefighters to enter the fire site in the building. In order to facilitate the opening of the passage and launch the attack, a fire hydrant should be installed in the front room.

5. The door of the front room

The door of the front room or the shared front room shall adopt Class B fire doors, and roller shutters shall not be installed.

6. Water retention and drainage facilities

In the process of fighting a building fire, a large amount of fire-fighting waste water is scattered in the building. It is necessary to consider setting up drainage and water-retaining facilities inside and outside the elevator shaft, and to install a reliable power supply and power supply line to ensure the reliable operation of the elevator. Therefore, drainage facilities should be installed at the bottom of the fire elevator. The capacity of the drainage well should not be less than 2m³, the displacement of the drainage pump should not be less than 10L/S, and the door of the front room of the fire elevator room should be equipped with water retaining facilities.

Fire protection design requirements for stairwells

1. The ladder shaft should be set independently

The ladder well of the fire elevator should be set separately from other vertical tube wells, and cables for other purposes must not be laid in the lift well, and holes should not be opened in the well wall. Between the adjacent elevator shaft and machine room, a partition wall with a fire resistance rating of not less than 2h should be used to separate it; when opening a door on the partition wall, a Class A fire door should be installed. It is strictly forbidden to lay flammable gas and Class A, B, and C liquid pipelines in the well.

2. Running time

The running time of the fire elevator from the first floor to the top floor should not be greater than 60s.

3. Capacity

In order to meet the needs of fire fighting, the fire elevator should use a larger load, generally not less than 800kg.

4. Decoration materials

The interior decoration of the elevator car should be made of non-combustible materials.

Fire protection design requirements for fire elevator electrical system

1. Fire power supply

The power supply of the fire elevator shall be fire-fighting power supply and equipment power supply, which shall be automatically switched at the final distribution box, and waterproof measures shall be taken for power and control cables, wires and control panels.

2. Dedicated button

Fire lift should be provided with the special-purpose operation button for fireman on the first floor, be arranged in the unlocking device next to the fire lift door. Once the firefighters press this button, the fire elevator can be forced to the bottom or any designated floor.

3. Function conversion

Usually, the fire elevator can be used as a working elevator, and it can be used as a fire elevator in case of fire. A switching device should be set in its control system so that the conditions of use can be changed rapidly in case of a fire to adapt to the special requirements of the fire elevator.

4. Emergency lighting

Emergency lighting should be installed in the fire elevator and its front room to ensure that firefighters can work normally.

5. Dedicated telephone

There should be a special telephone in the fire elevator car, and special operation buttons for firefighters should be set at the entrance of the fire elevator on the first floor, so that firefighters can keep in touch with the outside world during fire fighting and rescue, and can also directly communicate with the fire control center.